Reactive oxygen species, ROS, are produced during normal metabolism and have been shown to accumulate in response to various stimuli, including biotic and abiotic stresses. An imbalance in the metabolism of ROS is termed oxidative stress and can eventually...

Protein phosphorylation, encompassing the addition or removal of phosphate moieties on the functional groups of amino acid side chains, typically Ser, Thr, Tyr, is ubiquitously found in eukaryotes and revealed to be critical for growth, adaptation...

Antimicrobial peptides have long been known to play roles in innate defense and have broad capability for antimicrobial, antiviral and anticancer activities. Peptides offer several advantages over other small molecule and large molecule biologics...